The Southeast Asia data center market is one of the fastest-growing globally, driven by several key factors. The adoption of cloud-based services is expected to be a major growth driver in the coming years. Additionally, Singapore is set to become the first country in the region to implement 5G technology, with Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam also planning and investing in 5G network deployment in the next 5 years. This will further increase data generation, necessitating data centers to manage more complex network traffic. Moreover, the growing demand for generative AI, which requires substantial computational power and vast amounts of data storage, is expected to further drive the need for data center resources.
Graph1. Data Center Market Forecast in ASEAN[1]
The maturity of the data center market in ASEAN countries is as follows:
Table1. Number of Data Centers with Capacity and The Breakdown of Upcoming Projects by Stage[2]
Singapore is the most mature market in the region. In the APAC area, it ranks second only to Tokyo, with 1GW of operational capacity and a remarkably low vacancy rate of just 1%. In 2019, concerned about the increase in power consumption and the environmental impact caused by the rapid surge in data centers, the Singapore government imposed a moratorium on new data center construction. However, this moratorium was lifted in 2022, and in May 2024, the government announced the “Green Data Center (DC) Roadmap,” which includes goals such as providing at least an additional 300 megawatts (MW) of capacity in the near future and expanding capacity further through the adoption of green energy.
Indonesia and Malaysia are fast-growing markets with enormous supply potential, further driving data center growth in ASEAN. In Malaysia, data center investments are rapidly increasing, particularly in Kuala Lumpur and Johor, while in Indonesia, Jakarta is seeing a surge in investments. This growth is driven by the expansion of the digital economy, the rise of cloud adoption, and hyperscalers such as GAFAM and major Chinese tech players investing in the region. In Malaysia, the government is also working on implementing a regulatory framework focused on sustainability.
Most of the new data centers to be built in the near future will be hyperscale facilities. For instance, out of 18 upcoming projects in Malaysia, 11 are designed as hyperscale, similar to 6 out of 11 in Indonesia and all 9 upcoming projects in the Philippines. This trend towards larger, higher-performance data centers is fueled by advancements in AI technologies.
The increasing use of cloud computing in both the public and private sectors in Southeast Asia is a key factor driving the demand for data centers.
For example, the Singapore government set a target to migrate most of its less sensitive digital workloads to the commercial cloud by 2023 and successfully achieved it. Similarly, many large companies in Singapore’s private sector have begun adopting cloud services, utilizing these solutions to implement advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning.
In 2021, the Malaysian government introduced a cloud-first strategy in the public sector to increase cloud adoption rates to 50% by 2024.
Meanwhile, Indonesia’s cloud computing market has experienced remarkable growth, with a CAGR of 48%, over the last 5 years, according to CNBC Cloud. This surpasses the global average, and currently, 90% of companies in Indonesia are moving towards cloud computing solutions.
Amid these trends, the cloud market in ASEAN is expected to grow at a 21% CAGR.
Graph2. Public Cloud Market Revenue in ASEAN by Segment[3]
Additionally, to meet the growing demand for data storage and processing, major cloud providers are expanding into the ASEAN region. For example, in 2024, Microsoft announced several significant investments. In April, the company committed $1.7 billion to build new cloud and AI infrastructure in Indonesia over the next four years. In May, Microsoft pledged $2.2 billion to further develop digital infrastructure in Malaysia and also announced its first regional data center, focused on providing AI training opportunities, although the investment amount was not disclosed.
Table2. Area Coverage of Major Cloud Provider in ASEAN[4]
The generative AI market is growing rapidly in Southeast Asia. Currently valued at $0.8 billion, it is expected to reach $13 billion with a 50% CAGR by 2030.
Graph3. Generative AI Revenue Forecast (ASEAN) as of Mar 2024[5]
Indonesia, ranked sixth globally for its number of startups, is experiencing significant growth in generative AI applications, such as chatbots. One example is Kata.ai, which focuses on natural language processing to provide AI-powered conversational chatbots, helping businesses engage with customers more effectively. Kata.ai has a proven track record with major telecommunications companies and state-owned banks. Mekari, a leading SaaS company, also entered the generative AI business in 2023, offering tailored advice on management strategies by analyzing clients’ financial and HR data.
Advances in generative AI are driving increased demand for new types of data centers. Generative AI models, particularly large-scale language models (LLMs) and image generation models, require immense computational resources for both training and inference. This necessitates specialized hardware, including large numbers of GPUs and TPUs (Tensor Processing Units), which are more expensive than conventional CPU-based systems. These specialized systems also require more power and cooling, and take up more physical space, fueling demand for higher-performance and larger data centers, such as hyperscale data centers. Over the next 6 years, the average data center capacity is expected to double, while total capacity is projected to triple.
As generative AI technologies become more widespread, the computational load will increase, leading to higher power consumption. To illustrate, generating a response from ChatGPT requires roughly ten times the energy of a traditional Google search. Based on 9 billion searches per day, this translates to an additional 10 terawatt-hours of energy consumed annually (according to a report by the International Energy Agency, IEA). Furthermore, as computational loads increase, so does the heat generated by servers, which in turn drives up the energy needed for cooling. It’s estimated that cooling accounts for about 30-40% of a data center’s total energy consumption. Overall, the IEA has announced that the power consumption of data centers could double by 2026 compared to 2024 levels.
As power consumption in data centers increases due to the use of generative AI and other technologies, several challenges arise. These include whether we can meet the new energy demands, what types of energy will be used to supply this demand, and how these needs can be balanced with decarbonization goals. However, these challenges present new business opportunities for those who can provide solutions.
[Increasing Energy Efficiency in Data Centers]
One approach is offering hardware and software services aimed at reducing power consumption and improving the efficiency of data centers. For example, the Singaporean startup KoolLogix provides thermal management solutions for data centers. KoolLogix reduces the power consumption of data centers by implementing an innovative cooling system that addresses the inefficiencies of traditional cooling methods. Their system focuses on removing the waste heat generated by servers using a passive heat exchange and phase change approach. Instead of relying on energy-intensive air conditioners, the KoolLogix system uses the servers’ waste heat to power a refrigerant-based cooling loop. This system operates without mechanical pumps or compressors, relying on natural convection, which significantly lowers energy consumption.
[Providing Green Energy to Data Centers]
Another approach is building infrastructure to supply clean energy to data centers. This could include constructing power plants that utilize renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, or geothermal power. These plants would then supply clean electricity to data centers through long-term contracts. In this model, power generation companies sign Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) with data center operators to provide predictable, long-term energy at stable prices.
One example is an initiative launched in Japan in April 2024. Green Power Investment Corporation (GPI) and Kyocera Communication Systems Co., Ltd. (KCCS) are collaborating on a local renewable energy production and consumption model aimed at supplying a zero-emission data center with clean energy. Specifically, GPI’s subsidiary, Green Power Retailing LLC (GPR), will procure electricity generated by the Ishikari Bay New Port Offshore Wind Farm through a specified wholesale supply of renewable energy. This power, along with FIT non-fossil certificates with tracking from the Ishikari Bay wind farm, will be supplied to KCCS’s Zero Emission Data Center (ZED), which is scheduled to open in autumn 2024 in Ishikari City, Hokkaido, and will be operated entirely on renewable energy.
Since its establishment in 2013, IGPI Singapore has supported many Japanese companies with market research, strategy planning, and execution support, including partner search and approach, ideation, and related training for new business creation in Southeast Asia.
Leveraging the extensive insights gained through involvement in the management of data center-related companies in Japan, along with its strong network of data center players in the ASEAN region, IGPI Singapore is well-positioned to offer consulting services. These services include market entry strategies and the development of partnerships with local players in the data center industry. Through on-the-ground research conducted by local staff in ASEAN, IGPI Singapore stays informed about real-time trends in the region’s data center market. This knowledge allows IGPI Singapore to craft effective market strategies and identify potential partners.
To find out more about how IGPI can provide consulting support for businesses, browse through our insight articles or get in contact with us.
[1] Arizton
[2] Data Center Map, DC Byte (Apr 2024), Cushman & Wakefield (Apr 2024)
[3] Statista
[4] IGPI Research. As per public disclosure, Mar 2024
[5] Statista
Mr. Jongwoo Lee is the Manager of IGPI Singapore. He worked for a Japanese general IT consulting firm, where he was involved in numerous projects such as business planning and implementation support, new business planning, operational efficiency improvement, and business management enhancement support in a wide range of industries, including trading companies, energy, manufacturers, automobiles, and systems, etc. After joining IGPI, he has extensive experience in new business creation in Southeast Asia, including the development of new business models and strategies for expanding sales of new solutions in the Southeast Asian market and the study of new business entries for local companies in Southeast Asia. Graduated from the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Economics. Japanese Certified Public Accountant
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a Japan-rooted premium management consulting & investment firm headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Osaka, Singapore, Hanoi, Shanghai & Melbourne. IGPI was established in 2007 by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ), a USD 100 billion sovereign wealth fund focusing on turnaround projects in Japan. IGPI has 13 institutional investors, including Nomura Holdings, SMBC, KDDI, Recruit & Sumitomo Corporation, to name a few. IGPI has vast experience supporting Fortune 500s, government. agencies, universities, SMEs, and funded startups across Asia and beyond for their strategic business needs and hands-on support across a wide variety of industries. IGPI group has approximately 7,500 employees on a consolidated basis.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
The Indonesian telecommunication sector has undergone a series of “evolutions” predominantly caused by digitalization, driven largely by increasing data consumption. This has triggered a set of “assets reorganization” activities marked by consolidations, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and divestments and the creation of infra-co.
Some of these activities are propelled by capital markets that have seen an increase in activity in the infrastructure private investment and higher cost of funds. More importantly, however, central to these is the convergence of telecommunication services that has now been largely driven by data connectivity and the demand for high-speed, high-quality and affordable communication.
The Indonesian telecommunication sector has long been “mobile-centric,” primarily driven by mobile use as a more affordable and practical connectivity option. Before the wave of consolidation that occurred nearly a decade ago (sometime in 2015-16), there were 7 mobile network operators (MNOs) in Indonesia, namely Hutchison 3, XL Axiata, Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison, Sampoerna, Telkomsel, SmartFren and Bakrie Telecom.
Today, due to this wave of consolidation among these players (as detailed out in the table below) we are left with four key major MNOs. Soon, the country may only have three MNOs, as there is a potential merger between SmartFren and XL Axiata.
In addition to the wave of M&As among the MNOs, the Indonesian telecommunication sector has also witnessed a rise in divestments of telecommunication infrastructure assets, including telecommunication towers, data centers to fiber optics assets.
This trend it highlighted by the recent announced divestment Telkom Sigma, a subsidiary of Telkom Indonesia (a state-owned enterprise telecommunication company), and the proposed divestment of Indosat Ooredoo’s Fiber Optic and Marine Cable businesses.
This shift further underscores the ongoing reorganization of the Indonesian telecom sector.
Amidst these ongoing consolidations and divestments, we have also observed key emerging trends (discussed in further details below), including the rise of fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) in the Indonesian telecommunication landscape. This trend is exemplified by XL Axiata’s acquisition of Link Net, a major Indonesian fixed broadband player (initially owned by First Media, a subsidiary controlled by the Lippo Group and has been invested by a global PE, CVC), and the recent merger of Telkom’s subsidiaries – IndiHome (a fixed broadband service provider) and Telkomsel (one of the major MNO operators).
Underlying these corporate actions, is the significant increase in data consumption driven by digitalization and consumers’ contents consumption. This has made it strategically imperative for Indonesian telecommunication players to provide better quality and high-speed internet connections to grow their market share.
Specifically, in Indonesia, the fixed broadband communication segment has ample room to grow. The country currently has the lowest fixed-broadband penetration at less than 20%, significantly below Southeast Asia’s average of 40%, highlighting a significant opportunity for expansion and fiber optics investment in Indonesia. (DBS, 2023)
Furthermore, the services provided today are sub-standard, with average speeds that users typically get from the current fixed broadband internet service providers (ISPs) being only 31.42 Mbps, a far cry from the SEA internet speed of about 77.5 to 284.93 Mbps. (Ookla, Q2 2024)
This underscores the pressing need for improved broadband infrastructure and services in Indonesia, which could further drive the adoption of fixed-mobile convergence and accelerate 5G development to meet the growing demands of its digital population.
From our research and analysis, the bouts of divestment and M&As that happen in the Indonesian telecommunication market are mainly driven by several external and internal factors including but not limited to the following:
<External Factors>
1. The end of the low interest-rate era, bringing about an increase in the cost of funds, has raised the bar for return on invested capital.
2. Heightened competition among the MNOs driving Average Rate per Users (ARPUs) downwards (shown by the decline in the ARPU/GDP Ratio in the chart below), while the number of subscribers remain stagnate.
3. Technological change, including the use of DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) / WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) which essentially allows for a single fiber optic to cater for various data signals use has expanded the bandwidth capacity of a single fiber optic, making fiber optic use capacity more efficient.
4. The entry of new players in the market, especially with the recent entry of Starlink (the satellite internet entity belonging to Elon Musk), has intensified competition in the Indonesian telecommunication sector. Starlink offers an alternative way for consumers to access the internet; adding pressure to the already competitive landscape, though its reach is currently limited.
<Internal Factors>
1. The need for MNO players to seek new avenues for growth including providing higher value-added services, has become increasingly important.
2. Adding to this is also the decline in legacy revenue streams (voice calls, SMS) for mobile companies, which now only provide a meager portion of the overall revenue (see below illustration on the proportion of legacy revenue to the total revenue of Telkomsel)
3. The high capital expenditure (capex) required to maintain competitiveness and/or to capture new markets has further driven the assets-reorganization. Combined with (1) and (2), this has triggered the slew of consolidation and divestment within the Indonesian telecommunication sector.
A confluence of these factors, coupled with the shift towards data-driven revenues, has resulted in the continuous shake up in the country’s telecommunications sector.
Driven by the rise of data consumptions and the strive for efficiency, the key trends in the telecommunication market in Indonesia will be mainly driven by the need to provide high quality communication more effectively i.e. higher quality and at lower price. Due to this reason, we likely to witness the key following trends:
1. Fiber optic investment in Indonesia will become crucial for the future of telecommunications, with FMC convergence and fiberization enabling high-quality, affordable internet
Driven by increasing need of data, fiber optic, with its ability to channel vast amounts of data efficiently and effectively and with its already proven technology, has been the clear winner. In addition, the use of DWDM and WDM technologies is a breakthrough that has increased the amount of bandwidth capacity that can be channeled by a single fiber optic network.
Adding to that, fiberization – which is basically connecting tower to the fiber optic cable becomes the key for 5G development in Indonesia. We have seen this done in major markets such as India and China. This also means there is a convergence whereby fixed broadband will generally empower the telecom tower. Hence Fiber optic is a clear winner of this transition and evolution.
2. EDGE Data Center will provide further content localization
With increased content consumption, placing content closer to users to reduce latency has become ever more important. Edge data centers (EDGE), which is essentially smaller sized data center closer to the population of end users and utilization of content delivery network (CDN), which is essentially network of servers with the goal of delivering content quickly, cheaply, reliably, and securely as possible, are crucial in this “localization” effort.
3. Telecommunication companies will evolve to become “techcos”, whereas infrastructure companies will focus on deepening their infrastructure play, creating a more scalable back-end sharing economy
With the creation of “infra-co” companies, separating infrastructure ownership from operations, is supported by the rise of infrastructure investors, particularly infrastructure private equity funds, seeking exposure to digital infrastructure.
Whilst operating-co will focus on providing more value-added, higher return and technological based servicing. We can already see this happening in developed markets such as Singapore, where Singtel and StarHub have made acquisitions in the enterprise services sector to expand their offerings in this area.
We in IGPI Singapore have been active in the telecommunication sector in the region, working with not only key telecommunication clients across various spectrums, but also with various infrastructure and non-infrastructure investors who are looking into investing and getting exposure into the SEA telecommunication market. We are happy to discuss and assist you on your strategy and investment matters.
To find out more about how IGPI can provide consulting support for businesses, browse through our insight articles or get in contact with us.
Mr. Erwin Thio is the Senior Manager of IGPI Singapore. His areas of expertise are in M&A deal management (both buy-side and sell-side), deal structuring, valuation and commercial due diligence, market analysis, and project management. He has also spent several years working within the investment and fund management (particularly for Real Estate Private Equity Funds) division of major developers such as Mapletree, Lendlease, Savills IM, and CFLD, where he helped with deal execution and origination, capital raising, fund creation/ development, and management.
Mr. Nicholas Quek is an Associate of IGPI Singapore. He graduated from Singapore Management University with a Bachelor of Business Management, majoring in Finance. During his time in university, he gained internship experience at OCBC bank where he took on a compliance role responsible for AML. He was also a Teaching Assistant for Financial Markets and Investments, and a Research Assistant for Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). In his final year, he embarked on an experiential learning course where he formulated strategies to increase e-commerce sales for an MNC.
Mr. Darren Hardisurjo is an Intern at IGPI Singapore (August 2024 – October 2024).
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a Japan-rooted premium management consulting & investment firm headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Osaka, Singapore, Hanoi, Shanghai & Melbourne. IGPI was established in 2007 by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ), a USD 100 billion sovereign wealth fund focusing on turnaround projects in Japan. IGPI has 13 institutional investors, including Nomura Holdings, SMBC, KDDI, Recruit & Sumitomo Corporation, to name a few. IGPI has vast experience supporting Fortune 500s, government. agencies, universities, SMEs, and funded startups across Asia and beyond for their strategic business needs and hands-on support across a wide variety of industries. IGPI group has approximately 7,500 employees on a consolidated basis.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
Australia has rich innovation capabilities and potential that could yield significant benefits for Australia-Japan (A-J) innovation and even beyond.
The key question is “How to enable Australia?”
This entails fully unlocking the innovation capability and potential that Australia holds. This article intends to put a spotlight on the rich capabilities and the missing link which Australia as a nation faces to spearhead their innovation efforts for Japan in particular.
The wider objective of this piece is to contribute to discussions on increasing successful A-J innovation cases within the Australia-Japan corridor. Specifically, IGPI shares some of its observations of the potential bottlenecks faced by the Australian side – these include challenges in gaining awareness and recognition from the Japanese side in a customized fashion, which by no means have easy fixes.
Australia-Japan relationship has been a longstanding and complementary relationship that started in the form of trading in traditional sectors such as energy, agriculture, and mining.
It was touched upon in part I how this relationship is now evolving in terms of “What” and “Who” in recent years. Examples touched upon were Japan transitioning from traditional fossil fuels to initiatives such as renewable energy generation and hydrogen; and widening the collaboration partners beyond mega corporations to include universities and startups in Australia. It also highlighted the bottlenecks Japanese corporations face, such as “Why Australia?” and their motivation to explore such opportunities, particularly addressing the alignment or misalignment between the HQ and local arm.
For the full article on part I: What are the bottlenecks being experienced on the Japanese side?
However, this does not mean there are no bottlenecks on the Australian side. Australia faces its own bottlenecks as the “Innovation supplier”, providing solutions to the Japanese “demand” side.
For decades, Australia has been a key partner for Japan. As previously discussed in part I, this relationship has now dramatically shifted towards sourcing innovative solutions in various forms from broader players in the Australian innovation ecosystem. Namely, these have been from (i) Startups / Spinoffs, (ii) Universities, and (iii) Research Institutes.
2.1. Startups and Spinoffs
Throughout the world, startups have played a pivotal role in driving innovation.
Australia, recognized as having one of the largest startup ecosystems in the world (9th in the world, 2nd in Asia-Pacific)1, is home to numerous unicorns such as Canva, Atlassian, and Airwallex, to name a few. But most recently, the B2B sector startups have been on the radar of Japanese corporations, showing notable progress in Japan and beyond:
| Collaboration | Brief Example |
|---|---|
| Macnica x icetana | Macnica has secured a strategic stake in icetana, a leading artificial intelligence software developer. As part of this deal, Macnica will assume the role of the exclusive distributor for icetana in the Japanese and Brazilian markets2. |
| JR East Water Business x Hivery | JR East Water Business in collaboration with Hivery, an Australian AI-driven retail tech company, will roll out AI-driven vending machine optimization solutions to 6,000 vending machines across the East Japan Railway’s train stations3. |
Both examples illustrate Japanese corporations leveraging solutions from Australian startups in Japan and beyond.
One unique fact to note is that both icetana and Hivery are startups but started off as spinoffs of an Australian university or a research institute. The term “spinoff” describes a new and separate entity created by the parent entity that holds all or partial shares4. In the context of an Australian university or a research institute, spinoffs are created with the aim to boost entrepreneurial activities to commercialize a certain innovative technology5. In the same line, icetana was spun off from Curtin University (Perth, Western Australia), and Hivery from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (in short CSIRO, Australia’s National scientific research agency).
As these startups and spinoffs aim to commercialize the innovative technology they possess, they represent the significant potential for collaboration with industry partners in technical, business, or financial forms to realize new business opportunities.
2.2. Universities
On the other hand, Australia is a rich source of innovation from numerous universities. Australian universities are recognized for their world-class capabilities, comparable to the institutions the USA and UK universities. Based on QS World University Rankings 2025, the composition for Australia, Japan, the UK, and the USA in total count and the count in the “Top 50s” are as follows:
Figure 1: QS World University Rankings 20256
Factually, Australia ranks 3rd in the Top 50 coverage, behind the USA and UK. The interesting fact here is that despite being 3rd, Australia has the highest “coverage ratio” relative to the country’s total university count within the ranking (6 in the top 50 out of a total 38 = 16%; compared to 8% for the USA and 9% for the UK). This highlights the exceptional quality of Australian universities despite being fewer in number.
This excellence is evident in the “International Research Network” metric introduced by the QS World University Ranking in 2024, which provides insights on how internationally connected an institution’s research is as well as recognizing the importance of collaborative research more broadly7.
Here’s how the top 3 Australian universities fare against their counterparts in the USA and UK in terms of international research connectivity:
| Country | International Research Network Score (Top 3 Average) | University | Individual Score | Overall Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 97.2 | The University of Melbourne | 97.4 | 13 |
| The University of Sydney | 95.8 | 18 | ||
| The University of New South Wales | 98.3 | 19 | ||
| USA | 97.5 | MIT | 96 | 1 |
| Harvard University | 99.6 | 4 | ||
| Stanford University | 96.8 | 6 | ||
| UK | 98.9 | Imperial College London | 97.4 | 2 |
| University of Oxford | 100 | 3 | ||
| University of Cambridge | 99.3 | 5 |
Figure 1: QS World UnivTable 1: QS World University Rankings International Research Network Scores8
Again, despite the overall ranking being lower, the research capabilities of the top 3 Australian universities are on par with, or even exceed, those of the leading institutions in the USA and UK. It should be noted that overall ranking includes metrics outside of research capabilities, such as international student ratio, and non-capability specifics.
In addition, Australian university’s research and development spending is notably high on a global scale. This is illustrated by the “HERD” or “Higher Education Expenditure on R&D” metric, which measures the R&D expenditure by higher education entities such as universities as a percentage of GDP. Below is a comparison of the USA, UK, Japan and Singapore:
Figure 2: OECD Stat Dataset – Main Science and Technology Indicators Higher-Education Expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP9
| Country | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 0.62% | 0.61%* | 0.62% | 0.64%* | 0.61% |
| Singapore | 0.64% | 0.56% | 0.52% | 0.52% | 0.52% |
| Japan | 0.38% | 0.38% | 0.37% | 0.38% | 0.38% |
| UK | 0.39% | 0.39% | 0.65% | 0.63% | 0.66% |
| USA | 0.36%* | 0.37%* | 0.36%* | 0.36%* | 0.38%* |
Table 2: OECD Stat Dataset – Main Science and Technology Indicators Higher-Education Expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP10
* Note: Estimate (Australia case) or slight definition differs (USA case), Data based on full available data for all 5 listed country comparison
Apart from the UK, which has increased significantly since 2018, Australia is represented with a consistently high level of expenditure or investment into R&D from a GDP percentage basis, which is by contrast, much higher than the likes of the USA or Japan.
Australian universities offer world-class innovation potential, which can be nurtured as business opportunities. The key importance is to make that “critical step” to collaborate with industry partners to realize that capability outside of the lab and apply it to the real world.
2.3. Research Institutes
Separate from universities, Australia also has numerous research institutes. These can be categorized into individual organizations or “Cooperative Research Centers” (hereafter CRC).
Individual organizations can range from national science agencies such as the CSIRO to more niche specialized research institutes (e.g., Health – Melanoma Institute Australia, or even university spinoff R&D entities, etc.).
Most notably, CSIRO is the largest research institute in Australia and one of the significant globally, is often compared to the Australian version of Japan’s “AIST” (産業技術総合研究所) or “RIKEN” (理化学研究所). Typically budgeted with approximately $1.6B AUD annually, it is ranked as the 6th or 7th against selected international applied research organization over the past 10 years and with over 4,000 industry and government partners11. For reference, AIST’s annual expenditure in FY22 was around $1.1B AUD12**. CSIRO’s R&D ranges in 9 fields (further split into subcategories) and works in a collaborative manner with the universities and industries to bring innovation to the real world13.
Figure 3: CSIRO Research fields14
With its broad coverage and extensive network of connections, CSIRO represents the diverse capabilities of Australia’s national science agency.
The other important research institute category is the CRCs. CRCs are Australian government programs since 1990 with the government providing funding support for industry-led collaborations. CRC themes vary depending on each CRC but are all aimed at addressing industry identified problems and key issues. Typically, CRC are mid to long-term programs that can range from 5 to 10 years, but shorter programs (CRC-P) up to 3 years also exist15. CRCs require at least one Australian industry organization and one Australian research organization, but they are not limited in total numbers, and can include non-Australian corporations as partners as well. Below are examples of CRCs that interacted with Japanese corporations:
| CRC x JP Cos | Focus of CRC | Grant size | Collaboration form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food Agility CRC x NTT, Yamaha Motor | Support Australian agrifood industry to be profitable and sustainable16 | $50M | Official CRC Partner |
| Future Energy Exports CRC x Impex | Energy export decarbonization17 | $40M | Official CRC Partner |
| Future Energy Exports CRC x JX NOEX, Mitsui O.S. K. Lines, Osaka Gas | Collaboration Conduct research and development to demonstrate the technical feasibility and operability of low-pressure and low temperature solutions for bulk CO2 shipping transport18. | ||
| Heavy Industries Low-carbon Transition (HILT) CRC x Mitsubishi Heavy Industries | De-risk decarbonisation pathways for heavy industry19 | $39M | Official CRC Partner |
Note that entities can be part of the CRC itself (official CRC partner) or engage in a collaborative form, such as the Future Energy Exports CRC with companies like JX NOEX. It is also important to highlight that government grants require the applicants (i.e. CRC lead and partners) to at least match the amount of government grant / funding either through cash and / or in-kind contributions. With both long-term support and commitment, CRCs are unique research initiatives that bring like-minded partners together 20.
While each Australian startup / spinoff, university or research institute faces unique challenges, a common issue is the limited “Awareness” of Australian innovation capabilities. Despite the high quality and rich sources of innovation, Australia’s recognition by Japan lags behind that of global innovation hubs likes of Silicon Valley or Europe.
Unlike the USA or European countries, Japan is a unique country that requires a very different approach culturally or communication wise. Hence from an Australia point of view, applying a global strategy may not necessarily be most effective approach.
IGPI has seen many cases on both the Australian and Japanese sides having basic misunderstandings due to certain cultural differences or communication methods. In particular, the cultural differences can at time cause unnecessary friction unintentionally.
For example, due to the size and organizational structure, Japanese corporations may cause mass communication delays to get to the “Right” person. Even after making contact, an “unwritten” authorization or approval process, known as “Nemawashi”, might be required. This process of consulting stakeholders informally can significantly extend timelines and might be seen as a loss of momentum from a non-Japanese perspective. However, these processes are often integral to Japanese culture, intended to show respect and give courtesy updates to the people who may be impacted by a certain decision, just that it took a bit of time, which may have been out of their control.
To address this type of barrier, it is important for the Australian side to consider a dedicated and specific Japan strategy. This strategy should focus on deepening engagement and forming partnerships with Japan and Japanese corporates. Elements could include prioritizing capabilities that are particularly relevant to Japan, appointing an internal advocate for Japan-related initiatives, and establishing dedicated channels for promotion and interaction with Japanese entities.
It is important to be clear on the details of “what is requested” and “what can be offered as an exchange” from the Australian side to the Japanese side.
Unless there is a clear ambition and direction set for Japan, it could be difficult for both Australian and Japanese side to understand “what is the aim or goal”.
By addressing these bottlenecks with a targeted approach, Australia-Japan collaboration can improve, leading to more successful innovation partnerships across the Australia-Japan corridor.
IGPI Group has developed a deep-rooted understanding of Japanese Corporations and has been a part of the global expansion and ambitions of many prominent companies across the APAC and beyond. If you are an Australian startup, university or research institute, and believe in the potential of Australia-Japan on the pillars of innovation and keen to enhance your approach to Japan / Japanese corporations, we will be glad to have a confidential conversation. IGPI provides highly customized business advisory to its diverse range of clients, including but not limited to:
To find out more about how IGPI can provide consulting support for businesses, browse through our insight articles or get in contact with us.
1 StartupBlink – Global Startup Ecosystem Ranking
2 icetana – https://www.icetana.ai/investor-updates/global-technology-giant-macnica-takes-strategic-investment-in-icetana
3 Hivery – https://www.csiro.au/en/news/All/Articles/2019/November/hivery-exports-ai-solutions-to-the-world
4 investopedia – https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spinoff.asp
5 Taylor & Francis Online – https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2086148
6 QS World University Rankings 2025 – https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings
7 QS World University rankings Methodology – https://www.topuniversities.com/qs-world-university-rankings/methodology
8 QS World University Rankings 2025 – https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings
9 OECD. Stat – https://data-explorer.oecd.org/
10 OECD. Stat – https://data-explorer.oecd.org/
11 CSIRO Annual report FY22-23 – https://www.csiro.au/en/about/Corporate-governance/annual-reports/22-23-annual-report
12 AIST: Employees and Budget – https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/about_aist/facts_figures/fact_figures.html
** RBA Exchange rate at $1 AUD = ¥97 JPY as of 12/08/24
13 CSIRO Research – https://www.csiro.au/en/research
14 CSIRO Research – https://www.csiro.au/en/research
15 Business.gov.au – https://business.gov.au/grants-and-programs/cooperative-research-centres-crc-grants
16 Food Agility CRC – https://www.foodagility.com/about
17 Future Energy Exports CRC – https://www.fenex.org.au/about/
18 Future Energy Exports CRC news – https://www.fenex.org.au/australian-japanese-partners-execute-rd-project-agreement-to-develop-safe-and-efficient-solutions-for-industrial-scale-shipping-of-co2/
19 HILT CRC – https://hiltcrc.com.au/about/
20 Business.gov.au – https://business.gov.au/grants-and-programs/cooperative-research-centres-crc-grants
Mr. Rachit Khosla is the Country Manager of IGPI Australia. Rachit is a seasoned strategy consulting professional with over 14 years’ experience of leading and executing market entry and growth strategy (both organic and inorganic) and open innovation engagements for Fortune 500 businesses and large MNCs across Asia Pacific. He has advised clients in a diverse range of industries including automotive, fin-tech, industrial and manufacturing, med-tech & healthcare, smart cities, construction materials, travel, IT & telecommunications to name a few. Rachit was the
former Country Manager and Director for YCP Solidiance (Japanese owned) and Founder and CEO of an online B2B marketplace startup for professional advisory services focused on Emerging Markets.
Mr. Kaoru Shingae is a Consultant at IGPI Australia. Prior joining IGPI, Kaoru has worked at Toyota, BMW and Boston Consulting Group, primarily specializing in the Automotive and Mobility sector and with exposure to wider industrial sectors. Kaoru has both internal and external strategy experience with deep understanding on ‘What’ is most important for all stakeholder’s future. He has end-to-end experience from corporate and enterprise level planning to all the way down to the operational planning. Kaoru is a holistic all-rounder in engaging with both strategical and operational stakeholders throughout the company. Past achievements include crisis turnaround plans, long and mid-term vision plans, CEO’s company goal plans and sales & market operational plan plus delivery to name a few. Kaoru has graduated from The University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Commerce.
Ms. Devina Hashifah is an Intern at IGPI Australia (Nov 2023 – Feb 2024). Devina graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Melbourne, majoring in Marketing and Management. She has previously worked in the financial advisory sector and student consulting organizations, conducting research for clients from the agriculture, renewable energy, microfinance, and media industry.
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a Japan rooted premium management consulting & investment firm headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Osaka, Singapore, Hanoi, Shanghai & Melbourne. IGPI was established in 2007 by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ), a USD 100 billion sovereign wealth fund focusing on turn-around projects in Japan. IGPI has 13 institutional investors, including Nomura Holdings, SMBC, KDDI, Recruit & Sumitomo Corporation to name a few. IGPI has vast experience of supporting Fortune 500s, Govt. agencies, Universities, SMEs and funded startups across Asia and beyond for their strategic business needs and hands-on support across a wide variety of industries. IGPI group has ~7,500 employees on a consolidated basis.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness, and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
In the financial business market of Southeast Asia, B2B financial services integrated with operational DX for SMEs will be the key.
This article delves into the author’s perspective that the frontier of Fintech in the Southeast Asian market is shifting from the B2C domain to the B2B domain based on the latest Fintech trends.
So, what exactly is Fintech? While Fintech can be defined in various ways across different media sources, this article defines it as ‘financial solutions’ that meet at least one of the following two conditions:
1. Using digital technology to provide financial services to a broader user base than previously possible.
2. Using digital technology to increase the value of financial services provided to users.
One fundamental aspect to understand is that “financial services rarely stand alone.” This is because financial services typically involve the movement of money, which is accompanied by the movement of related information, such as the product or service being paid for, collateral assets, or credit involved in a loan. Since “money isn’t free,” the evolution of Fintech services is inevitably influenced by the degree of digitization of peripheral services. Thus, it is safe to say that advancements in Southeast Asia FinTech are closely linked to how digital transformation impacts the broader financial ecosystem.
Since the 2010s, the digital transformation in Southeast Asia has rapidly advanced in the B2C domain, reaching levels of convenience that surpass those in some advanced countries like Japan and Europe, particularly in sectors such as mobility, education, and healthcare. Examples of this Southeast Asian Fintech evolution include lifestyle support platforms like Grab (Singapore) and Gojek (Indonesia), which initially began as ride-hailing services. Additionally, personalized online education solutions like Geniebook (Indonesia), and online medical consultation solutions through platforms like Alodokter (Indonesia) highlight the advancements in ASEAN Fintech.
In the ASEAN Fintech landscape, digital services such as C2B/C2C payments and budget management have emerged alongside these innovations. Additionally, the data obtained from these services is used to assess consumer credit scores and lending needs, leading to the provision of consumer finance services like BNPL (Buy Now, Pay Later).
However, consumer financial services, particularly payments and BNPL, often face intense competition, resulting in persistently high customer acquisition costs. For example, Atome, a BNPL service provider based in Singapore, announced in May 2023 that it would cease all operations in Vietnam more than a year after entering the market.
Conversely, the digitization of operations for SMEs, which are the backbone of the Southeast Asian economy, remains sluggish, and productivity continues to be low. For instance, the situation in Thailand, a relatively advanced region in Southeast Asia, is as follows:
Agriculture:
| ✓ | Despite 47% of Thailand’s land and 33% of its labor force being engaged in agriculture, agricultural production accounts for only 8-11% of GDP. | |
| ✓ | 30% of agricultural households carry debt exceeding the average annual agricultural income per capita, with 10% carrying debt three times that amount. | |
| ✓ | Total rice production has decreased from 38 million tons in 2012 to 22 million tons in 2022. | |
| ✓ | Only 23% of farmers use ICT-related tools in their operations. |
Logistics:
| ✓ | B2B deliveries from region to region often use point-to-point routes, resulting in low loading efficiency for LTL (less than truckload) shipments. | |
| ✓ | 46% of annual freight transport involves empty backhauls. | |
| ✓ | In 2020, Thailand’s domestic logistics costs accounted for 14% of GDP, higher than the Asia-Pacific average (12.9%) and many other regions worldwide. |
Given this situation, some financial solution providers focus not solely on financial issues but also on supporting the productivity enhancement of SME operations. They capture financial needs and monetize by providing tailored financial solutions. For example:
| ✓ | CrediBook (Indonesia) assists MSMEs and mom & pop stores with digitizing operations and securing financing by offering a bookkeeping and reporting SaaS tool, which simplifies the process of applying for micro-financing from financial institutions easily. | |
| ✓ | Kilimo Finance (Vietnam) operates through a digital marketplace, allowing Vietnamese farmers to purchase farm inputs (e.g., seeds, crop protection, and equipment) through a wide network of suppliers. It also seeks to connect small and medium-scale agriculture players to commercial banks to enable access to formal credit through its automated credit scoring and loan origination software. |
In the future, Fintech players who contribute to improving SME productivity using digital technology and, through this process, meet customers’ financial needs while leveraging credit score-related data to provide financial solutions will occupy an essential position in the Southeast Asian market.
Considering this Southeast Asian Fintech trend, B2B operation DX technology companies might use the data they acquire to offer additional financial services, either directly through earning interest income or through partnerships with financial institutions. Conversely, existing financial institutions can acquire new customers by partnering with, investing in, or acquiring technology startups that drive digital transformation in adjacent areas of finance in Southeast Asia. They can also improve credit scoring accuracy by utilizing income statement-related information such as sales and balance sheet-related information such as accounts payable obtained through operational support, enabling risk-mitigated financing.
Particularly in emerging markets, SME financing is a significant revenue expansion opportunity for both parties due to its higher risk and higher interest rates.
IGPI offers business model hypothesis construction and verification, partnering support, and M&A support during the execution phase, not only for financial institutions but also for technology companies. If IGPI can be of assistance, please contact us through our website.
Mr. Tadasuke Noguchi is a Manager at IGPI Singapore. Before joining IGPI, Tadasuke worked in an IT company and a think tank in Japan, where he engaged in consulting projects such as new business development in various industries: automotive, logistics, retail, finance, etc. He has experience in hands-on new business development while on loan to Toyota Motor Corporation’s R&D department. In IGPI, He mostly focuses on consulting projects such as market entry/expansion in the ASEAN market, M&A advisory, and the formulation of long-term visions. Tadasuke graduated from the University of Tokyo with a B.A. in Language and Culture and acquired a certification from the Graduate School of Public Policy of The National University of Singapore. He enjoys traveling and has visited around 50 countries.
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a Japan-rooted premium management consulting & investment firm headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Osaka, Singapore, Hanoi, Shanghai & Melbourne. IGPI was established in 2007 by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ), a USD 100 billion sovereign wealth fund focusing on turnaround projects in Japan. IGPI has 13 institutional investors, including Nomura Holdings, SMBC, KDDI, Recruit & Sumitomo Corporation, to name a few. IGPI has vast experience supporting Fortune 500s, government. agencies, universities, SMEs, and funded startups across Asia and beyond for their strategic business needs and hands-on support across a wide variety of industries. IGPI group has approximately 7,500 employees on a consolidated basis.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
There is an increasing momentum for promoting decarbonization in ASEAN, which was originally said to be lagging compared with other regions.
Regarding the systems to promote the development of decarbonization projects, the study and implementation of carbon pricing are in full swing. In enforcing enforceable carbon pricing, Singapore was ahead of other ASEAN countries in implementing a carbon tax system in 2019. Indonesia has followed suit with an intensity-based Emissions Trading System (ETS) targeting coal-fired power generation. Many other ASEAN countries have also announced their consideration of the introduction of carbon taxes and ETS.
Regarding project development, large-scale project development is accelerating. For example, in Malaysia, the Final Investment Decision (FID) of a large Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project (Kasawari) has been completed, and the project has moved into the construction phase. The scale of the project is expected to reach 3 million tons of CO2 per year. Considering that the size of one of the largest existing CCS projects in Japan, the Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project, is equivalent to 200,000 tons per year, it could be said that the size of the Kasawari CCS Project is quite remarkable.
The background for the acceleration of decarbonization projects in ASEAN stems from international community pressure, driving both the public and private sectors of ASEAN to commit to achieving decarbonization targets.
In the public sector, this commitment is exemplified by a series of net-zero declarations by ASEAN countries, starting with Indonesia’s net-zero declaration by 2060 in June 2021, complemented by initiatives such as Repsol SA’s 2020 Sustainability Plan for Indonesia.
In the private sector, it is also due to the increasing pressure from large global companies to achieve decarbonization of their global supply chains.
Beyond these factors, it is also important to note that in terms of project development resources, ASEAN boasts abundant natural resources. For example, forests account for the majority of voluntary credit issuance in ASEAN. This is backed by abundant forest resources, led by Indonesia, which has the third-largest forested land in the world[1].
In addition, offshore wind power, which has been attracting attention in recent years as a trump card for the diffusion of renewable energy, shows promising potential in Vietnam and the Philippines despite the limited number of countries and areas where it can be developed. Notably, there is a high potential for “bottom-fixed” type wind energy in the two countries, which is superior to “floating” type in terms of feasibility, and many foreign companies are exploring opportunities in Vietnam for upcoming large-scale projects.
As mentioned above, ASEAN is a region where the development of decarbonization projects is progressing, with a background of abundant natural resources.
One of the characteristics of project development in ASEAN is the deep involvement of foreign companies in the consortium. The background to this is the need for foreign companies to fill a role that cannot be filled by their own countries, both in terms of funding and technology. Notably, the contribution of Japanese companies is extremely high.
In fact, the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM), which began operating in 2015, and the AZEC initiative, which was proposed in January 2022, positions ASEAN to be the core partner and aim to share the fruits of decarbonization by providing Japan’s excellent decarbonization technologies with ASEAN companies. Against the backdrop, it is expected that “decarbonization” will be an opportunity to strengthen ties between Japan and ASEAN.
IGPI Singapore has experience supporting clients with market research and developing market entry strategies in a wide range of decarbonization-related topics in ASEAN.
Below is a sample of areas where we have assisted in the past.
◆ Renewable energy (solar, wind (including offshore), biomass, geothermal, hydro)
◆ Hydrogen and ammonia
◆ Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)
◆ VPP/DR
◆ Carbon credits
◆ Green finance
To find out more about how IGPI can provide Japanese consulting support for businesses in Singapore and the region, browse through our insight articles or get in contact with us.
[1] Renature “Insights on Indonesia” (2020)
Mr. Tatsushi Sasakura is a Senior Manager of IGPI Singapore. Tatsushi has worked at Mizuho Bank and Deloitte Tohmatsu Financial Advisory (DTFA) in Japan. At DTFA, he belonged to the Corporate Strategy team, specializing in business strategy planning, M&A advisory, and business due diligence. He was also engaged in crisis management, supporting clients to tackle emergencies. He has profound experience in the energy, consumer, and financial industries. He covered a wide range of clients, including Private Equity Funds and large-sized companies. Tatsushi graduated from Waseda University with a B.A. in International Political Science and Economy.
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a Japan-rooted premium management consulting & investment firm headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Osaka, Singapore, Hanoi, Shanghai & Melbourne. IGPI was established in 2007 by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ), a USD 100 billion sovereign wealth fund focusing on turnaround projects in Japan. IGPI has 13 institutional investors, including Nomura Holdings, SMBC, KDDI, Recruit & Sumitomo Corporation, to name a few. IGPI has vast experience supporting Fortune 500s, government. agencies, universities, SMEs, and funded startups across Asia and beyond for their strategic business needs and hands-on support across a wide variety of industries. IGPI group has approximately 7,500 employees on a consolidated basis.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
Although the EV penetration rate (EV share of new car sales) in the U.S. in 2023 grew year-on-year to approximately 7.6% due to incentives such as tax credits and regulations, it fell significantly short of expectations. Amid slowing demand growth, the EV market leader Tesla revealed a 55% y-o-y decline in final profits in its January-March 2024 financial results, due in part to increased competition and lower sales in key markets.
The Chinese EV industry, which grew rapidly owing to government subsidies, has witnessed a drop in the number of registered EV manufacturers from about 500 in 2019 to less than half that number today due to the economic slowdown and intensified competition. The number of manufacturers discontinuing EV production is expected to increase in the future, with a growing trend of “EV graveyards” in China as large numbers of EVs are left abandoned by those who have withdrawn from the market.
Market oversaturation and declining purchasing interest — stemming from concerns about driving distance limitations, unaffordable prices, and insufficient recharging infrastructure — have contributed to these situations.
Enthusiasm for ESG is also waning globally. Particularly in Europe, there is growing criticism surrounding the quality of ESG reporting by companies, marking a trend towards more formal initiatives. A 2021 survey raised concerns that many companies are overstating their ESG activities, making it difficult for investors to discern true commitment to sustainability. Additionally, the credibility of ESG investments may face growing scrutiny if there are no tangible improvements in environmental protection.
This evolving landscape presents ASEAN as a beacon of innovation and adaptability, distinguishing it from global trends and highlighting its unique position on the world stage.
In Southeast Asia, however, there are no signs of such stagnation.
In Vietnam, several of VinHomes’ smart cities are promoting green projects to transition entirely to electric vehicles. From the expansion of electric bus routes by VinBus to the provision of EV cab services by Green and Smart Mobility (GSM), Vingroup has adopted a strategy of not only selling EVs to consumers, but also replacing low-quality public transportation and cabs with EVs to rapidly increase EV penetration. As a result of these efforts, Vingroup was awarded the AIBP 2023 ASEAN Tech for ESG Award, which recognizes sustainable initiatives with the use of digital tools and innovative technologies.
In Laos, where approximately 1,300 EVs were registered as of 2022, government support and international partnerships contributed to the sale of approximately 2,600 EVs in 2023 alone. In November of the same year, the aforementioned Vietnam GSM launched an EV cab service in the capital city of Vientiane as a first step in planned business-led strategic EV rollouts. The low prevalence of automobiles, severe gasoline shortages due to global oil price surges and low electricity costs through the utilization of abundant renewable energy resources have become major driving forces behind these initiatives.
EVs are also becoming more modular and require far fewer parts than gasoline-powered vehicles. In expanding EV sales, meeting local needs is more critical than pursuing global growth, and whether a country is suitable for EVs depends largely on its energy mix.
Innovation is often referred to as “creative destruction” and is considered to involve the destruction of what existed before and the creation of something new. In fact, in Japan’s regional cities, privately owned stores are disappearing, being replaced by restaurant chains and convenience store chains, which has resulted in the loss of the local communities that once thrived.
Yet advances in digital technology have, for example, revitalized rather than destroyed traditional, privately owned mom-and-pop stores in Southeast Asia. Consumers can order products via a smartphone app and a rider will deliver these from stores to homes within 30 minutes. Similarly, stores can replenish stocks through B2B e-commerce when necessary at the touch of a screen. Without destructive disruption, smartphone application technology has organically connected retailers and consumers.
Innovation in these ASEAN countries is driven by attempts to create new frameworks rather than being constrained by existing ones. New technologies and strategies are actively employed to solve region-specific challenges without relying on existing approaches.
This digital revolution has significantly expanded the range of what can be accomplished by individuals. Anyone can distribute video content around the world, and startups can manufacture electric cars. In such an era, it is imperative to provide optimal services to the localized market based on localized needs and context rather than to the entire world. Innovation, achieved through the utilization of existing technologies and services to expand the capabilities of people and organizations, represents “creative integration” rather than “creative destruction” and holds the key to achieving a sustainable society.
In an era where providing services tailored to the specific needs of each region proves more effective than offering generic global solutions, success or failure will hinge on how quickly a company adapts to changes in the environment and how flexibly it responds — while fundamental structural changes may be necessary at times, much can be accomplished even with simple tweaks in policies. A flexible response to the changing environment is enabled by management setting an abstract, conceptual direction, such as a Purpose, while frontline personnel consider the concrete specifics of “to whom,” “what,” and “how” before executing their actions. In doing so, agility will also be achieved by empowering the frontline with the requisite authority and resources to execute and deliver.
Furthermore, understanding regional circumstances and maintaining local networks, including partnerships with local conglomerates and startups, is crucial to swiftly detecting environmental changes, particularly in the ASEAN region. The development of digital technology has indeed greatly expanded the scope of what individuals can achieve. However, challenges that cannot be tackled alone or by a single company remain, and partnerships are a crucial driving force to overcome these barriers and propel innovation forward. Companies have to understand their strengths, utilize available resources to secure the capabilities necessary to maximize the value of said strengths and create new value through collaborations around the world.
IGPI assists global companies, local conglomerates, and governments in fostering innovation across Southeast Asia, creating business models that harness each region’s unique potential, and developing new markets through management consulting and strategic investments. By continuing to support sustainable development and innovative initiatives in the regions, we provide valuable insights for companies and investors around the world.
To find out more about how IGPI can provide consulting support for businesses, browse through our insight articles or get in contact with us.
Mr. Kohki Sakata is CEO of IGPI Singapore. After joining Cap Gemini and Coca-Cola, Kohki joined Revamp Corporation, where he managed projects on global expansion and turnaround in various sectors, including F&B, healthcare, retail, IT, etc. Since joining IGPI, Kohki has managed projects mainly on global expansion and cross-border M&A in various sectors such as logistics, IT, telecom, retail, etc. In addition to his broad experience in implementing solutions developed in Western countries, he has developed multiple methods to turn around Asian companies with a focus on setting a clear vision and employee empowerment. He has proven the practicality of these methods by turning around Asian companies not only as an advisor but also as senior management. He graduated from Waseda University Department of Political Science and Economics and IE Business School.
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a Japan-rooted premium management consulting & investment firm headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Osaka, Singapore, Hanoi, Shanghai & Melbourne. IGPI was established in 2007 by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ), a USD 100 billion sovereign wealth fund focusing on turnaround projects in Japan. IGPI has 13 institutional investors, including Nomura Holdings, SMBC, KDDI, Recruit & Sumitomo Corporation, to name a few. IGPI has vast experience supporting Fortune 500s, government. agencies, universities, SMEs, and funded startups across Asia and beyond for their strategic business needs and hands-on support across a wide variety of industries. IGPI group has approximately 7,500 employees on a consolidated basis.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness, and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
Within the Australia-Japan realm, the “energy-heavy” relationship has evolved across two related dimensions — “what?” and “who?” — with more stakeholders such as universities and startups garnering the limelight. This article intends to put the spotlight on such examples.
The wider objective of this piece is our contribution to a conversation about increasing the A-J innovation success cases in the Australia-Japan corridor. Specifically, IGPI shares some of its observations of the potential bottlenecks faced by the Japanese side between the HQs and local arms of Japanese corporations. These are internal and complex matters that by no means have easy fixes.
It is no secret that Japan and Australia have cultivated a longstanding and complementary trading relationship, underscored by traditional sectors such as energy, agriculture, and mining. In 2022, Australia contributed to Japan’s resources by supplying Japan with 43% of its liquefied natural gas (LNG) and 66% of its coal, with a predominant share of 75% in thermal coal[1]. On the other side, 7% of total Australian imports comes from Japan, including vehicles, machineries, and electronics (as of Dec 2023)[2]. Japan and Australia have built their relationship on comparative advantages, with Australia serving as a raw materials supplier and Japan as a manufactured goods producer[3].
The nature of the “energy-heavy” partnership between Australia and Japan is evolving in two related dimensions — these are “what?” and “who?” referring to needs and players, respectively.
2.1. Evolving Needs (“What”?)
Japan is a highly developed nation but lacking in natural resources, and Australia possesses abundant natural resources that can complement Japan’s requirements. Japan drew up a national strategy to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050[4], which encompasses a systematic transition from traditional fossil fuels to initiatives such as renewable energy generation and hydrogen transportation. While traditional energy sources will continue to play a role in Japan’s energy strategy in the mid-term, the trend towards a long-term transition to decarbonization is steadfast. In this global trend towards decarbonization and a sustainability focus, collaborations between two nations are widening. Some examples:
| “What?” | Brief Example |
|---|---|
| From Energy to Technology | Although energy remains a high focal point for now, the collaboration paradigm has evolved from traditional resources like coal to a shift towards cutting-edge technologies such as hydrogen transportation. One notable example is LAVO, an Australian energy storage and technology startup that integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled digital solutions, which supplied its metal hydride storage technology to the leading Japanese trading house Marubeni Corporation. This will lead to the export of Australian green hydrogen. This collaboration established a precedent as the first of its kind to demonstrate the profitability and safety of exporting Australian renewable hydrogen stored in metal hydride to international market[5]. |
| From Procurement to Co-development | The goal of decarbonization also drives Japan’s investment from procurement to business or technical collaboration for co-developing innovative technologies. Japanese corporations such as JX Nippon Oil & Gas Exploration Corporation, Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, and Osaka Gas have partnered with Australian corporations, including Future Energy Exports CRC, deepC Store, and Low Emission Technology Australia, along with Australian universities such as the University of Western Australia and Curtin University. Together, they have formalized a Project Agreement aimed at collaborative research and development on low-pressure and low-temperature solutions for the bulk transport shipment of CO2. This is to showcase the technical feasibility and operational viability of the solutions and ultimately advancing technologies for the secure and efficient shipment of substantial quantities of CO2[6]. |
2.2. Evolving Partnerships (“Who”?)
The transition of “what” is marked by widening of the players. While mega corporations once held a dominant position, the Australia-Japan collaboration is now witnessing increased participation from innovative participants such as universities and startups.
Australia’s innovation network is characterized by a highly complex yet proactive landscape, where collaborations and partnerships evolve to meet the demands of a rapidly advancing technological era. The collaborative partners between Japan and Australia are in a state of transition from (i) “Corporations x Corporations” to also include (ii) “Corporations x Universities”, (iii) “Corporations x Startups” and (iv) “Universities x Universities”. It symbolizes the growing realization of the strengths of Australian universities and startups, which Japanese corporations can leverage upon for mutual benefit. Some examples:
| “Who?” | Brief Example |
|---|---|
| Corporations x Universities | Macquarie University, a world-leading AI research powerhouse, and Fujitsu, a leading Japanese information and communication technology corporation, have together announced their establishment of AI Research Laboratory at Macquarie University. By utilizing the strengths of each other — the university’s research capabilities and Fujitsu’s generative AI and human sensing technologies — the focus is on researching and developing promising AI applications and related technologies for the society[7]. |
| Corporations x Startups | Morse Micro, an Australian fabless semiconductor startup reinventing Wi-Fi for IoT, secured Series B funding from a consortium of investors led by the Japanese ASIC and system-on-a-chip (SoC) developer MegaChips. Following this investment, MegaChips entered a partnership with Morse Micro to produce compliant semiconductors and modules, offering assurance, sales support, and new distribution channels. This came about because both Morse Micro and MegaChips share a common goal of revolutionizing IoT connectivity by innovating connectivity and establishing robust Wi-Fi HaLow solutions for the future[8]. |
| Universities x Universities | UTS (University of Technology Sydney), with pioneering food tracking technology, has shared the technology to the Wagyu beef farmers in both Australia and Japan. As part of the project Hokkaido University, the partner in the project supported the relationship between Australia and Japan on technology promotion. The project aimed to provide IoT and blockchain-enabled capabilities to the food supply chain market[9]. |
These select examples corroborate the fact that Japanese corporations are increasingly taking note of Australia’s innovation potential. The complementing strengths and common goal synergies can lead to collaboration not only limited to Australia or Japan but in the wider region/world. For this to happen at scale, a long-term view of investment and nurturing is critical. Corporations and stakeholders must actively address these aspects to incubate and support the growth of innovative ideas and technologies.
It is also noteworthy to share that these collaborations take place across diverse sectors and typically are in some combination of business, technical, and financial partnership. Apart from the well-known and time tested (i) “Corporations to Corporations”, some more examples occur across (ii) “Corporations x Universities”, (iii) “Corporations x Startups” and (iv) “Universities x Universities”.
3.1. Corporations x Universities – Examples
| Date | Type | Sector | Japanese Entity | Australian Entity | State | Quick Overview |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep-23 | Technical | Data Security | NTT | UTS | NSW | NTT and UTS are collaborating to address data security risks collectively, integrating state-of-the-art encryption technology[10]. |
| Jun-23 | Technical | Smart City | NEC Australia | University of Wollongong | NSW | A strategic alliance aimed at jointly spearheading smart city initiatives within the Illawarra region[11]. |
| Apr-23 | Technical | Smart Automotive | IDOM | RMIT | VIC | Collaboration on multiple specialized initiatives dedicated to the advancement of intelligent automotive solutions through the utilization of emerging technologies[12]. |
| Jul-22 | Technical | Carbon Neutrality | Nippon Steel | University of QLD | QLD | Joint research proposal between Nippon Steel and University of QLD aiming to transform CO2 into valuable chemicals through synergistic application of microbial and electrochemical processes[13]. |
| Nov-21 | Technical | Hydrogen | Chiyoda Corporation, ENEOS | QUT | QLD | Jointly announced a ground-breaking achievement of the first-ever successful technological verifications for CO2-free hydrogen to a practical level at scale[14]. |
Table 1. Collaboration between Japanese Corporations and Australian Universities
3.2. Corporations x Startups – Examples
| Date | Type | Sector | Japanese Entity | Australian Entity | State | Quick Overview |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar-23 | Financial | Automated Driving | Suzuki Motors | Applied Electric Vehicles | VIC | Suzuki Motors and Applied Electric Motors Electric Vehicles have signed an MoU to develop an autonomous electric vehicle platform[15]. |
| Oct-22 | Business | AI | Macnica Inc. | icetana | WA | Macnica has secured a strategic stake in icetana, a leading artificial intelligence software developer. As part of this deal, Macnica will assume the role of the exclusive distributor for icetana in the Japanese and Brazilian markets[16]. |
| May-22 | Technical | Engineering Design | Sumitomo Mitsui Construction (SMCC), IHI | Roborigger | WA | SMCC and IHI are collaborating with Roborigger to design and develop the first autonomous tower crane[17]. |
| Dec-21 | Business | Medical | Terumo Corporation | Q-Sera | QLD | Q-Sera, a University of QLD startup, specializing in the development of rapid serum blood collection tube technology, is set to manufacture and deploy its innovation in Japan. This comes after forming a partnership with Terumo Corporation, Japan’s leading medical device company[18]. |
| Dec-19 | Technical | Blockchain | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc. (KEPCO) | Powerledger | WA | Powerledger has expanded its trial in collaboration with KEPCO to facilitate the creation and tracking of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) as well as solar energy trading[19]. |
Table 2. Collaboration between Japanese Corporations and Australian Startups
3.3. Universities x Universities – Examples
| Date | Type | Sector | Japanese Entity | Australian Entity | State | Quick Overview |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct-23 | Technical | Laser Tech | EX-Fusion, Osaka University | University of Adelaide | SA | The University of Adelaide has partnered with EX-Fusion, a leading Japanese laser fusion startup, and the Institute of Laser Engineering at Osaka University to advance laser technology for clean fusion energy[20]. |
| Nov-22 | Technical | Photovoltaic | Kyoto University, Osaka University | RMIT University | VIC | This project aims to enhance an existing collaborative research network between Australia and Japan to develop next generation solar cells known as perovskite solar cells[21]. |
| Feb-22 | Technical | Telecommun-ications (6G) | Osaka University, Kyushu University | University of Adelaide, RMIT University | SA, VIC | These universities synergize essential capacities to advance 6G telecommunications, addressing the anticipated surge in data traffic by 2030[22]. |
| Jul-21 | Technical | Robotic | University of Tokyo | University of Sydney | NSW | This forum aims to discuss the use of urban robots in public spaces, inviting scholars from Australia and Japan to exchange the latest smart technologies. It also aims to promote ongoing collaboration among researchers in innovation and technology from both countries[23]. |
| May-20 | Technical | Carbon Neutrality | University of Tokyo | University of Queensland | QLD | Realize the goal of “Nanoarchitectured Functional Porous Materials as Adsorbents and Catalysts” to reduce greenhouse gas levels, mitigating global warming and converting them into valuable chemicals[24]. |
Table 3. Collaboration between Japanese Universities and Australian Universities
The nature of Japanese corporation’s associations varies significantly. Regardless of size, corporations may have had extensive length of association with Australia (over multiple decades) or extremely short time. However, the key issue faced in boardrooms is the depth of “Why Australia?” within that corporation and “how motivated” they are to explore such opportunities. IGPI has seen in many cases that the local arm understands the potential on one side but is challenged to convince HQ/RHQ to take any further action (e.g., strategic alignment, etc.). On the other hand, the RHQ/HQ looks at various countries and is not always clear on “Why Australia?” etc., and doesn’t offer much support to the local arm (e.g., funding, human capital dispatch, etc.).
So, the key is addressing these complex and layered internal issues to get the ball rolling. Based on IGPI’s diverse experiences of working with Japanese corporations’ HQs and various in-market offices, as well as supporting JETRO for a case study, there are eight key elements that need to be addressed for smoothly exploring innovation opportunities in a cross-country setting. It usually begins with alignment on strategy, mission, vision, and values (MVVs).
Image: JETRO Case Study Summary Report[25]
Regardless of the Japan or Australia side, unless the counter-country element is identified as part of the future, there will be misalignments, lack of actions, and/or insufficient implementation.
There are notable companies that have already overcome such challenges. For example, companies like NTT and Fujitsu have defined Australia as a “Testbed” market. In NTT’s case, Australia’s unique geographic landscape was perfect for developing next-gen agricultural sensing and communication technologies — with proactive consumers to test new technologies[26]. And in Fujitsu’s case, setting up a “Digital Transformation Center” within Macquarie University in Sydney was to take advantage of the university’s capabilities directly for ideation and co-creation of new solutions for customers — exemplifying the benefits from the diversity of talents[27].
These are examples of “Defining a clear role for Australia”, but high in impact to enable HQ/RHQ and local arm alignment.
IGPI Group has developed a deep-rooted understanding of Japanese corporations and has been a part of the global expansion and ambitions of many prominent companies across APAC and beyond. If you are a Japanese HQ or a local arm and believe in the potential of Australia-Japan based on the pillars of innovation but feel constrained due to any or all of the eight elements in this article, we will be glad to have a confidential conversation. IGPI provides highly customized business advisory to its diverse range of clients, including but not limited to:
To find out more about how IGPI can provide consulting support for businesses, browse through our insight articles or get in contact with us.
[1] https://japan.embassy.gov.au/tkyo/resources.html
[2] https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/imports
[3] https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade/Completed_inquiries/1999-02/japan/report/c05
[4] https://www.meti.go.jp/english/policy/energy_environment/global_warming/roadmap/
[5] https://www.lavo.com.au/blog/marubeni-lavo-exporting-hydrogen
[6] https://www.fenex.org.au/australian-japanese-partners-execute-rd-project-agreement-to-develop-safe-and-efficient-solutions-for-industrial-scale-shipping-of-co2/
[7] https://www.fujitsu.com/au/about/resources/news/press-releases/2023/fujitsu-and-macquarie-university-establish-new-research-lab-to-accelerate-development-of-human-sensing-and-generative-ai-technologies.html
[8] https://www.morsemicro.com/2022/09/06/morse-micro-raises-140m-in-series-b-funding-to-accelerate-iot-connectivity-and-revolutionize-our-digital-future/
[9] https://www.uts.edu.au/about/faculty-engineering-and-information-technology/global-engagement/international-news/tracking-technology-wagyu-beef
[10] https://www.uts.edu.au/about/faculty-engineering-and-information-technology/news/ntt-data-uts-partner-enhance-data-security-research
[11] https://www.uow.edu.au/media/2023/uow-and-nec-australia-join-forces-to-drive-smart-city-innovations-in-the-illawarra-.php
[12] https://idomi.com.au/2023/04/20/idom_rmit_partnership/
[13] https://www.nipponsteel.com/en/news/20220722_100.html
[14] https://www.eneos.co.jp/english/newsrelease/2021/pdf/20211102_01.pdf
[15] https://www.appliedev.com/suzuki-press-release-30-march-2023
[16] https://www.icetana.ai/investor-updates/global-technology-giant-macnica-takes-strategic-investment-in-icetana
[17] https://www.roborigger.com.au/sumitomo-mitsui-construction-teams-with-roborigger/
[18] https://uniquest.com.au/rapid-serum-blood-collection-technology-developed-by-uq-startup-q-sera-to-be-made-in-japan/
[19] https://www.powerledger.io/media/power-ledger-kepco-extend-trial-to-create-and-track-renewable-energy-credits
[20] https://www.adelaide.edu.au/newsroom/news/list/2022/12/14/fusion-of-expertise-aims-to-develop-sovereign-capability.
[21] https://www.dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/foundations-councils-institutes/australia-japan-foundation/grants/2021-22-grantees
[22] https://www.dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/foundations-councils-institutes/australia-japan-foundation/grants/2021-22-grantees
[23] https://www.dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/foundations-councils-institutes/australia-japan-foundation/grants/meet-our-2020-21-grantees
[24] https://japantoday.com/category/tech/first-grant-awarded-under-rio-tinto-australia-japan-collaboration-program
[25] JETRO “Case Study on Management Innovation of Japanese Companies in Southeast Asian Markets and Identification of Key Points” Summary Report
[26] https://www.foodagility.com/posts/australia-the-testbed-for-new-green-iot-technologies
[27] https://corporate-blog.global.fujitsu.com/apac/2019-12-20/digital-transformation-centre-brings-co-creation-to-life-in-australia/
Mr. Rachit Khosla is a seasoned strategy consulting professional with rich experience in leading and executing market entry, growth strategy and open innovation/new business creation engagements for Fortune 500 businesses, large MNCs and Govt. bodies across the Asia Pacific. He has advised clients in diverse industries including green and digital areas. Before joining IGPI, Rachit was the Country Manager at YCP Solidiance, and after that, a co-founder of Conquerem — an online B2B e-bidding platform for boutique consulting firms. Rachit is an avid traveler who has set foot in 40+ countries and lived in 4 countries.
Mr. Kaoru Shingae is a Consultant at IGPI Australia. Prior to joining IGPI, Kaoru worked at Toyota, BMW, and Boston Consulting Group, primarily specializing in the automotive and mobility sector and having exposure to wider industrial sectors. Kaoru has both internal and external strategy experience with a deep understanding of ‘What’ is most important for all stakeholders’ future. He has end-to-end experience in corporate and enterprise-level planning, all the way down to operational planning. Kaoru is a holistic all-rounder who engages with both strategic and operational stakeholders throughout the company. Past achievements include crisis turnaround plans, long and mid-term vision plans, CEO’s company goal plans, and sales & market operational plan plus delivery, to name a few. Kaoru graduated from The University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Commerce.
Mr. Jiachen Wang is an Intern at IGPI Australia (Nov 2023 – Feb 2024). Jiachen is currently pursuing his Master’s Degree in Finance from the University of Melbourne. Prior to this, he completed an Honours Bachelor of Science from the University of Toronto, majoring in Statistics and Geographic Information Systems. He has had previous internship experiences in the financial sector, spanning equity research, investment banking, and corporate venture capital.
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a Japan-rooted premium management consulting & investment firm headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Osaka, Singapore, Hanoi, Shanghai & Melbourne. IGPI was established in 2007 by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ), a USD 100 billion sovereign wealth fund focusing on turnaround projects in Japan. IGPI has 13 institutional investors, including Nomura Holdings, SMBC, KDDI, Recruit & Sumitomo Corporation, to name a few. IGPI has vast experience supporting Fortune 500s, government. agencies, universities, SMEs, and funded startups across Asia and beyond for their strategic business needs and hands-on support across a wide variety of industries. IGPI group has approximately 7,500 employees on a consolidated basis.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness, and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
This article outlines the potential of the cultivated meat industry, discusses the primary barriers, and how IGPI’s business consulting services can help clients in Singapore and beyond.
Figure 1; Market Size Projection of Cultivated Meat Industry[1]
Experts from various research firms have reached a consensus on the promising trajectory of the cultivated meat industry, anticipating substantial growth between 2022 and 2030. Projections indicate a remarkable increase from an average of $185 million in 2022 to an impressive $3,905 million in 2030[2], reflecting a significant compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46.4%. The rapid expansion in the market is attributed to the advantages offered by cultivated meat, such as promoting a healthier diet, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare[3]. The potential of cultivated meat to address key problems in the conventional meat industry provides it with the opportunity to become an alternative in a space that is worth USD 1.4 trillion in market size in 2023.
In an era where health awareness is increasing, consumers opt for healthier diets, and cultivated meat is poised to stand out. The nature of cultivated meat allows producers to select healthier animal cell variations for cultivation, offering more nourishing options, such as with lower saturated fat content and other health benefits, in their cultivated meat over conventional meat.
Figure 2; CO2 Emission of Conventional and Cultivated Meat[4]
Meat is a staple in most diets and a key source of protein, but conventional meat contributes 16.5%-19.4% of GHG emissions[4], making animal production the largest source of GHG emissions in the food ecosystem. One of the key benefits of cultivated meat is its potential to have a lower carbon footprint. A life cycle analysis by Sinke et al. shows that CO2 emissions can be reduced by 95.9% in Beef (Cattle) and 55.6% in Chicken for cultivated meat (Renewable energy scenario).
Another key benefit of cultivated meat is its potential to address concerns related to animal welfare. Traditional meat production involves raising and slaughtering animals on an industrial scale, often leading to ethical issues. Cultivated meat eliminates the need to raise and kill entire animals as it only involves cultivating a sample of the animal’s cell.
Cultivating meat leverages novel technologies and hence faces key barriers that need to be resolved prior to widespread adoption — cost parity, taste parity, and adherence to safety and regulatory standards are some of the key obstacles faced.
1. Cost Parity for Cultivated Meat
Figure 3: Comparison of Cost of Cultivated Meat[5] and Conventional Beef[6]
Note: Others include electricity, transportation, repairs and maintenance, cold storage construction, building and property lease, IT infrastructure and Insurance. Cost of Ground Beef based on the gross farm value of ground beef in the United States, calculated from retail price of uncooked ground beef and accounting for the retail to gross farm value margin for beef in the United States. Average of 2022-2023 used due to higher inflation in 2023 that is expected to ease based on FAO’s projection.
In the quest for achieving cost parity, there is no silver bullet solution, but a suite of technological advancements will be required to complement each other and bring costs down (by ~91%) to reach a price-competitive level with conventional beef. The current key cost drivers of cultivated meat are the culture media (30.9%) — of which basal media form a crucial foundation by providing the essential nutrients for cell growth — and bioreactors and processing equipment (28.0%).
Among many initiatives, key efforts aimed at reducing culture media costs for cultivated meat production involve advancements in serum-free and food-grade culture media.
Culture media, traditionally developed for the pharmaceutical industry, largely rely on fetal bovine serum (FBS) and animal-derived components for the necessary factors for animal cells to proliferate; this leads to high cost of materials and animal welfare concerns. Many players in the cultivated meat field, aiming to reduce cost and address ethical concerns surrounding the use of FBS, have pursued advancements in serum-free culture media. Additionally, given the traditional use of culture media in the pharmaceutical industry, culture media are of pharmaceutical grade. Limitations of pharmaceutical-grade culture media include high cost and limited scalability for use in cultivated meat. The transition of pharmaceutical-grade to food-grade culture media will be critical to reducing costs and improving the scalability of cultivated meat during the mass production stage.
Enhancing innovation in bioreactor technologies tailored specifically for food production and larger-scale cultivation is imperative for the continued progress of the cultivated meat industry. At present, the industry heavily depends on pharmaceutical-grade bioreactors, which are not only expensive but also have limitations in scalability. The development of advanced bioreactors designed explicitly for the unique requirements of cultivated meat will facilitate more cost-effective and efficient large-scale production.
2. Taste Parity of Cultivated Meat
Taste emerges as a key criterion for cultivated meat consumption: it is the number one factor in the US, the UK, and Germany[7]. Plant-based meat has yet to achieve the taste and texture level that exactly replicates the taste and mouthfeel of conventional meat, but as cultivated meat is derived from actual animal cells, it has the technical feasibility to be able to achieve a closer resemblance to conventional meat in this aspect.
One such solution to improve taste parity is the innovation in the space of cultivated fats. While most startups have focused on cultivated muscle, as it constitutes 90% of meat, startups such as ImpacFat, Hoxton Farms, and CUBIQ Foods have taken a different approach and focus on cultivated fats, with the aim to provide their fats to plant-based and cultivated meat players to improve the taste and texture of their products. Studies have shown that fats are essential to improve the sensory profile of meat and contain fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamins A, D, and E for a healthier diet.
3. Safety and Regulations
As a novel and nascent industry, ensuring the safety and regulatory compliance of cultivated meat products is paramount. Yet, it needs to be improved as most countries have taken a careful approach to regulatory approval in cultivated meat. As of January 2024, Singapore (in 2020), the United States (in 2023), and Israel (in 2024) are the only countries to approve the sales of cultivated meat by select approved startups.
Consumers often look to the regulations established by governments to determine if the food is safe for consumption. The lack of regulations may affect the availability of cultivated meat to consumers and deter their acceptance of switching to cultivated meat.
We believe that more regulatory and subsidy support will be required across regulatory bodies to envision a scenario where cultivated meat can be produced, sold, and consumed across different countries.
Singapore has a supportive startup ecosystem for cultivated meat startups with the following three factors: 1. supportive regulatory framework; 2. financial incentives; and 3. alignment of cultivated meat with the nation’s focus on food security challenges.
First, Singapore is the first country to embrace the commercialization of cultivated meat, issuing approval for the sale of cultivated meat to Eat Just Inc. and Good Meat within the country. It has also approved a cultivated meat food-processing license to Esco Aster to manufacture foods using cell-cultivated technologies.
Secondly, the government encourages cultivated meat startups to establish presence in Singapore by offering supportive financial incentives. Grants were provided through the Singapore Food Agency (Singapore Food Story 2.0 R&D Programme) and Enterprise Singapore on a case-by-case basis.
Lastly, cultivated meat aligns with Singapore’s ’30 by 30’ plan, where the country will work towards producing 30% of the nation’s food domestically by the Year 2030. As of 2022, Singapore still imports more than 90% of its food from over 160 other countries. As a land-scarce country with limited land area for livestock and crop agriculture, cultivated meat is one of the key solutions that can alleviate Singapore’s food security problems, and we believe that, given this, the government will continue to take a supportive stance on the industry.
As technology advances rapidly in the field of cultivated meat, we believe that a carefully crafted and risk-mitigated approach to entering the market will be essential to navigate the current nascent industry. Private companies have many business opportunities, so it is important to seize the appropriate ones and take a proper approach. IGPI’s consulting services can help identify such opportunities in Singapore. In such an environment, it is important to:
1. Build and select an appropriate business model; and
2. Select appropriate partners and connect them to the business
IGPI’s Singapore office was established in 2013. Since then, we have supported many Japanese companies in their activities in ASEAN. To deal with the above issues, IGPI can provide a variety of business consulting services. Some of our consulting solutions include, but are not limited to:
1. Building and selecting appropriate business models
| ◆ | Market prioritization study: Analyze the industry and competitive landscape in selected countries and the value chain through research and interviews to assess market potential. |
| ◆ | Develop the concept of ideation: Create a business model from the shortlisted ideas to allow for our clients to enter a new space in the technology-driven businesses in Southeast Asia, including Singapore. |
2. Selecting appropriate partners and connecting them to different business
| ◆ | Potential target/partners search: Identify and shortlist certain companies in Southeast Asia based on the unique needs and requirements of our clients |
| ◆ | Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) advisory: Including project management, data room, due diligence, Q&A assistance, and closing with associated investors. |
To find out more about how IGPI can provide Japanese consulting support for businesses in Singapore and the region, browse through our insight articles or get in contact with us.
[1] Grand View Research, Polaris Market Research, Allied Market Research and Zion Market Research
[2] Average of Grand View Research, Polaris Market Research, Allied Market Research and Zion Market Research
[3] Food for Thought: The Protein Transformation (2022)
[4] Ex-ante life cycle assessment of commercial-scale cultivated meat production in 2030 (2023)
[5] How much will large-scale production of cell-cultured meat cost? (2022)
[6] USDA (2024)
[7] Food for Thought: The Protein Transformation (2022)
Mr. Tatsushi Sasakura is a Senior Manager of IGPI Singapore. Tatsushi has worked at Mizuho Bank and Deloitte Tohmatsu Financial Advisory (DTFA) in Japan. At DTFA, he belonged to the Corporate Strategy team, specializing in business strategy planning, M&A advisory, and business due diligence. He was also engaged in crisis management, supporting clients to tackle emergencies. He has profound experience in the energy, consumer, and financial industries. He covered a wide range of clients, including Private Equity Funds and large-sized companies. Tatsushi graduated from Waseda University with a B.A. in International Political Science and Economy.
Mr. Matthias Lim is an Associate of IGPI Singapore. Matthias has previously worked as an Investment Associate in Real Estate Investment at Belt Road Capital, a real estate private equity firm. During this time, he was responsible for the deal origination, financial analysis, due diligence and fund structuring for the firm’s real estate investments. During his stint at IGPI, he covered sustainability industry topics such as cultivated meat, de-carbonization and renewable energy. Matthias graduated from National University of Singapore with a B.Eng and is a CFA chartered holder.
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a premier Japanese business consulting firm with a presence and coverage across Asian markets. IGPI was established by former members of the Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ) in 2007. IRCJ, a US $100 billion Japanese sovereign wealth fund, is known as one of the most successful turn-around funds supported by the Japanese government.
In 2017, IGPI collaborated with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) to form JBIC IG, providing investment advisory services and supporting overseas investment. In 2019, JBIC, along with BaltCap, jointly established Nordic Ninja, a €100 million venture capital fund to focus on deep tech sectors such as autonomous mobility, digital health, AR/VR/MR, artificial intelligence, robotics and IoT in the Nordic and Baltic region. In 2019, IGPI established IGPI Technology to focus on the area of science and technology. The company invests in technological ventures and provides hands-on management support. The company also provides business development support towards commercialization and monetization of technologies.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
In the era of globalization, global IT platforms such as GAFAM established themselves as the dominant forces of this era and are essential to our daily lives.
Business in this era is defined by “who” to sell “what” to. Based on basic business principles taught in business schools for many years, executives decided on the strategy of “who” to sell “what” to, and the operational teams focused on “how” to execute it.
Many management methods were developed during the era of globalization, such as PPM (Product Portfolio Matrix), Balanced Scorecards, and job-based management. However, since the early 2000s, it appears that these methods have become less effective in the U.S.
For instance, job-based management was criticized for lacking innovation, leading to the development of “agile management” and “ambidextrous management” that allows organizations to deepen existing businesses while exploring new areas.
Why did the management methods developed during the era of globalization become ineffective? This is largely due to the rules of the game changing as a result of the digital revolution, heralding the era of regionalization.
Businesses evolved from simply defining “who” to sell “what” to, to now focusing on “who” to sell “what” and “how” to sell. Let’s illustrate with an example from an ASEAN country.
A businessman in Jakarta is struggling to improve his or her means of commuting. Ten years ago, the only solution was to sell them a car or motorcycle. Now, one can propose ride-sharing or on-demand bus services. Remote work, popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic, can even eliminate the need for commuting. Digital transformation, particularly the smartphone revolution, has played a pivotal role in this shift in Southeast Asia and all around the world.
In the era of regionalization, it is not an exaggeration to say that digital technology is at the core of business. This is because digitization enables and expands upon the most crucial factor, the “How”, in addressing region-specific challenges.
There are people who call the global focus on increasing self-sufficiency in food and energy a regression from globalization, but this is incorrect. The reality is that the digital revolution has advanced globalization and ushered in the era of regionalization.
Now, let’s look at the changes happening in Southeast Asia during the era of regionalization. Alongside the rise of super apps like Gojek and Grab, conglomerates in various countries are also becoming key players. Let us take a closer look at the evolution of super apps.
When I started my business in Southeast Asia in the early 2010s, smartphones were not yet widespread, and banks were one of the main institutions that were reaching out to consumers directly. To reach as many as possible, banks leveraged campaigns to promote opening bank accounts and selling prepaid cards. Convenience stores had five to six payment terminals from different banks, and restaurants often had bank promotions, sometimes offering 30% off.
Then came the rapid proliferation of smartphones. Players who successfully leveraged this to solve consumer-related challenges rapidly grew and dominated the market. For example, Gojek gained market share in big cities by offering bike taxi services to avoid traffic jams, and later diversified into e-commerce, food delivery, and payments, evolving into a super app.
The unique transformation brought about by super apps like Gojek focuses on regional issues, or “solving problems within a 5-kilometer radius.” Gojek connects consumers with nearby motorbike taxis and small local stores (known as warungs) through smartphones, thereby addressing various social issues- this eases the burden on consumers and also helps to increase sales for these local businesses. The value of solving local issues is evident when such small business owners and drivers experience improved sales without having to expend significant resources to take active steps in promoting their business.
Moreover, these warungs serve as hubs for local communities, much like the neighborhood gathering spots of Japan’s Showa era.
Let’s consider the convenience store chains and supermarket chains that have become widespread in Japan since the 1970s, for the sake of comparison. The spread of convenience store and supermarket chains in Japan has marginalized traditional shopping streets, particularly in suburban areas. While these chains have provided convenience to consumers, they have also contributed to the decline of local community spaces.
The difference between Southeast Asia and Japan can be attributed to the rise of digital technology, which allows organic integration and innovation without destroying what already exists.
Innovations in Southeast Asia are moving into the next phase. For example, an Indonesian startup named Sinbad provides an app that helps warungs order inventory, aiming to disrupt the complex, inefficient supply chains that currently exist. Addressing these inefficiencies is not an easy task, as it challenges established interests and traditional systems, much like the seniority systems in Japanese corporations or subsidies for cedar planting in Japan.
Using smartphone technology and big data to break these established interests is the key for the ASEAN region to move forward.
The three points below are essential for corporations to win in Southeast Asia:
a) Clarify what not to do: Executives must be clear about what the company should not engage in to avoid confusing their operational teams.
b) Secure necessary resources: In this era, it’s crucial for the regional offices in Southeast Asia to have easy access to resources, personnel, money, and information.
c) Collaborate with other corporates and startups: Understanding local conditions and networks is vital. While it’s possible to build these capabilities internally, partnering with local stakeholders could offer a faster route to innovation.
Through these key pointers, we hope to guide corporations in navigating, innovating and ultimately thriving in Southeast Asia during this era of regionalization.
To find out more about how we can support your value creation endeavours, get in touch with us here.
Mr. Kohki Sakata is CEO of IGPI Singapore. After joining Cap Gemini and Coca Cola, Kohki joined Revamp Corporation, where he managed projects on global expansion and turnaround in various sectors, including F&B, healthcare, retail, IT, etc. After joining IGPI, Kohki has managed projects mainly on global expansion and cross border M&A in various sectors such as logistics, IT, telecom, retail, etc. In addition to his broad experience in implementing solutions that have been developed in Western countries, he has developed multiple methods to turnaround Asian companies with a focus on setting a clear vision and employee empowerment. He has proven the practicality of these methods by turning around Asian companies not only as an advisor but also as senior management. He graduated from Waseda University Department of Political Science and Economics and IE Business School.
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is a premier Japanese business consulting firm with presence and coverage across Asian markets. IGPI was established by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ) in 2007. IRCJ, a US $100 billion Japanese sovereign wealth fund, is known as one of the most successful turn-around funds supported by the Japanese government. In 2017, IGPI collaborated with Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) to form JBIC IG, providing investment advisory services and supporting overseas investment. In 2019, JBIC along with BaltCap has jointly established Nordic Ninja, a €100 million venture capital fund to focus on deep tech sectors such as autonomous mobility, digital health, AR/VR/MR, artificial intelligence, robotics and IoT in the Nordic and Baltic region. In 2019, IGPI established IGPI Technology to focus in the area of science and technology. The company invests in technological ventures and provides hands-on management support. The company also provides business development support towards commercialisation and monetisation of technologies.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
As business landscapes evolve, exploring new markets and expanding overseas have become a key priority for many Singapore companies. This is particularly evident among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), which are increasingly recognising the immense potential that lies beyond their domestic borders. The DBS annual SME Pulse Check survey conducted at the end of 2022 revealed that over 60% of SMEs in Singapore have indicated overseas expansion as a key business priority[1]. This is contributed by the reopening of borders along with support from government schemes such as the enhanced Enterprise Financing Scheme[2] announced in Budget 2023, which enables local companies to gain access to financing across all stages of growth.
Among the array of enticing markets, Japan has emerged as a particularly alluring destination for Singaporean businesses. Apart from having a large consumer market backed by sizable economy, bilateral agreements were signed between both nations in May 2022 to boost the flow of entrepreneurs and enterprises by promoting greater access to start-up and innovation ecosystems[3]. Initiatives such as business matching sessions to connect Singapore and Japanese firms with accelerators, business partners and investors, are put in place to empower businesses to build market knowledge and tap into new opportunities, deepening their networks in the process.
Drawn by the influx of tourists into Japan in a post-pandemic era, five-star resort hotel operators from Singapore, Capella Hotels & Resorts and Banyan Tree Holdings, have announced plans to enter the Japanese market. Capella Hotels & Resorts intends to open its first Japanese hotel in Kyoto as early as the summer of 2025[4], located on Yamatooji-dori in the historic Miyagawa-chō district[5]. The office of renowned architect Kengo Kuma, which designed the Japan National Stadium for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, is supervising the construction. On the other hand, Banyan Tree Holdings plans to open flagship hotels in Kyoto and Hakone from now through 2026. These hotels aim to provide signature standards of service that will serve as a benchmark for all future Banyan Tree locations in Japan[6]. The presence of Singapore hotel groups in Japan contributes to enhancing tourism infrastructure while attracting affluent visitors to experience premium accommodations.
Shifting the focus to a more mass-market brand, Singapore design studio Beyond the Vines launched its first international pop-up store in Tokyo in March 2023 as it seeks to grow its international presence[7]. The brand, known for its minimalist and contemporary designs, has gained popularity in Singapore and other Southeast Asian markets. Its entry into Japan reflects its recognition of the country’s vibrant fashion scene, and the opening in Tokyo allows the brand to tap into the city’s fashion-conscious consumer base. While the initial pop-up store only lasted for a week, Beyond the Vines has since launched another pop-up at Miyashita Park North in Shibuya, which will remain at the location for a month until the end of July 2023. The expansion demonstrates Singapore’s fashion industry’s potential to resonate with the Japanese market.
On the technology front, Singapore-headquartered Fintech company M-DAQ Global has announced the opening of its Japanese office in Fukuoka in September 2022[8]. The company specialises in providing currency conversion and payment solutions, enabling businesses to transact seamlessly across different currencies. It sees opening a subsidiary office in Fukuoka as a natural fit for a myriad of reasons, including its similarity to Singapore in terms of the active collaboration between private and public sectors to develop innovative solutions for business needs and quality of life improvements. M-DAQ has since commenced discussions with the Fukuoka City Government, Kyushu Railway Company and other entities to improve the foreign currency user experience when making retail and travel transactions. This expansion highlights Singapore’s ability to deliver advanced financial services on an international scale.
In addition to Singapore companies that entered the Japan market recently, others are exploring pathways through trade exhibitions. The Franchising and Licensing Association (FLA) has led a delegation made up of popular Singapore brands including Crystal Jade, Five Star Chicken Rice, Playmade and iJooz, in forming the Singapore Pavilion exhibiting at the 40th Japan International Franchise Show in March 2023. Through this event, local companies sought potential business partners to carry their brand, while gaining an initial sense of their product acceptance in Japan.
These activities underscore the increasing interest and capabilities of Singaporean companies in capturing opportunities in the Japanese market. With that being said, entering the Japanese market presents a set of unique challenges for Singaporean companies, ranging from language and communication barriers to cultural nuances and intense competition. Overcoming these obstacles is crucial for successful market entry.
Enterprise Singapore assists Singaporean companies in their internationalisation efforts by providing various support initiatives, including grants and market access programs, to facilitate market entry. For instance, the Market Readiness Assistance (MRA) Grant offers financial support to Singaporean companies to defray a significant portion of eligible costs associated with market entry activities, helping businesses assess market potential, establish networks and promote their products or services[9].
Hailing from Japan, JETRO (Japan External Trade Organisation) operates in Singapore with the mission of promoting trade and investment between Japan and Singapore. ‘Invest Japan’ serves as a platform to attract and assist Singaporean companies interested in establishing a presence in Japan. Through this initiative, JETRO offers support services including consultation services on company incorporation, networking opportunities and temporary business office facilities in Japan among others to help Singapore companies make a more informed decision prior to market entry[10].
IGPI Singapore offers a range of services to support Singapore businesses in their overseas expansion. Services can be broadly divided into:
● Management consulting, where we help companies identify growth opportunities, develop strategies to establish a presence in the target market. In the process, we often employ business matching techniques to find suitable local partners which could be crucial to successful market entry
● M&A advisory, where we guide companies through the end-to-end deal process, ensuring successful transactions
Our past and current engagements include:
● Supporting a local F&B chain in its market entry into Japan, including performing a market study, identifying and selecting the most suitable strategic partner
● Supporting a local wholesaler and retailer in its market entry into Japan through business matching, by shortlisting promising partners and facilitating discussions towards the formation of the partnership
● Organising missions trips to Tokyo with various industry associations, where we led delegations made up of senior executives from Singapore companies to gain insight into doing business in Japan
IGPI Singapore can support your company in its market entry into Japan and maximise its chances of success – Get in touch with us!
[1] The Straits Times: Exploring new markets, expanding overseas key priorities for most Singapore SMEs: Survey (21 Mar 2023): https://www.straitstimes.com/business/exploring-new-markets-and-expanding-overseas-are-top-priorities-for-most-s-pore-smes-survey
[2] For more details, please visit: https://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/financial-support/enterprise-financing-scheme
[3] CNA: Singapore, Japan ink agreements on promoting start-ups, digital transformation for governments (26 May 2023): https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-japan-ink-agreements-promoting-start-ups-digital-transformation-governments-2709716
[4] Nikkei Asia: Thai, Singapore hotel groups target Japan’s tourism boom (26 Jun 2023): https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Travel-Leisure/Thai-Singapore-hotel-groups-target-Japan-s-tourism-boom
[5] Artist’s impression of the upcoming Capella Kyoto: https://capellahotels.com/en/capella-kyoto
[6] Banyan Tree Group Press Release (Jun 2022): https://www.banyantree.com/assets/2022-06/220624-banyan-tree-group-debuts-japan.pdf
[7] Inside Retail: Singapore’s Beyond The Vines to open first store in Japan (15 Mar 2023): https://insideretail.asia/2023/03/15/singapores-beyond-the-vines-opens-first-store-in-japan/
[8] Technode Global: Singapore’s M-DAQ Global Opens Japan Office as part of international expansion (13 Sep 2022): https://technode.global/2022/09/13/singapores-m-daq-global-opens-japan-office-as-part-of-international-expansion/
[9] For more details, please visit: https://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/financial-support/market-readiness-assistance-grant
[10] For more details, please visit: https://www.jetro.go.jp/singapore/investinjapan.html
Mr. Ryota Yamazaki is the Director of IGPI Singapore. Before joining IGPI, Ryota worked in Deloitte Consulting in Singapore, where he was a leader in the areas of Consumer Business and Supply Chain & Logistics in Southeast Asia. His areas of expertise are Strategy & Operations such as market entry, Route-to-Market (RTM) strategy, business due diligence, and PMI. He started his career with A.P. Moller-Maersk Group as a management trainee and also worked for Kurt Salmon, where he had vast project experiences especially in Supply Chain & Logistics for the retail and consumer goods clients. Ryota graduated from the Faculty of Economics at Keio University.
Mr. Zhi Hao Thean is an Associate at IGPI Singapore. Zhi Hao started his career with IGPI. He graduated from Singapore Management University with a Bachelor of Business Management, majoring in Finance. During his time at IGPI, he is involved in multiple engagements pertaining to market entry, strategy development and benchmarking studies across diverse industries.
Industrial Growth Platform Inc. (IGPI) is one of Japan’s premium management consulting and investment firms headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Singapore, Hanoi, Shanghai and Melbourne. IGPI was established in 2007 by former members of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ), a USD 100 billion sovereign wealth fund focusing on turn-around projects in Japan. IGPI has 14 institutional investors, including Nomura Holdings, SMBC, KDDI, Recruit and Sumitomo Corporation to name a few. IGPI has vast experience of supporting Fortune 500s, Govt. agencies, universities, SMEs and funded startups across Asia and beyond for their strategic business needs such as market entry and growth strategies, various aspects of M&A, innovation advisory, new business creation etc. IGPI is consciously an industry agnostic firm (work in 10+ industries) and this coupled with it making our own venture investments (30+ till date) adds to our uniqueness. One of our recent investment endeavours has been a VC fund in Europe (EUR 100mn fund) along with Honda, Panasonic, JBIC etc. (a couple of our investees are now unicorns). IGPI group has ~6,000 employees on a consolidated basis.
* This material is intended merely for reference purposes based on our experience and is not intended to be comprehensive and does not constitute as advice. Information contained in this material has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but IGPI does not represent or warrant the quality, completeness and accuracy of such information. All rights reserved by IGPI.
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